Realization of PtX Sector Coupling in Denmark through CO2 Purity Requirements

Challenge

The aim of the project is to investigate the minimum CO2 quality specifications from point sources necessary to ensure pipeline material integrity—thereby potentially minimizing the overall costs of CO2 purification. There is a "knowledge gap" regarding the integrity of pipelines used for transporting CO2 containing impurities. It is therefore essential to conduct "fit-for-purpose" physical tests to establish the minimum CO2 quality required for pipeline transport. Current literature, standards, and international experiences are insufficient to address this issue.

Solution

Designing and conducting tests that reflect the expected chemical and physical conditions in pipelines for onshore CO2 transport requires precise control of the quantity, pressure, and temperature of injected impurities, as well as humidity levels. Accurate monitoring of the gas composition during testing is also crucial. This demands specialized gas injection and gas analysis equipment, along with expertise in how various impurities interact with one another and with CO2.

The project includes developing a test protocol. This protocol will specify physical conditions such as gas composition, temperature, pressure, and flow, as well as identify materials (e.g., pipes, gaskets, joints, and welds) expected to be used in CO2 pipeline infrastructure. These conditions will be assessed based on the existing natural gas infrastructure and the anticipated gas composition from point sources, including both the type and concentration of impurities.

Expected Results/Impact

One or more test specifications for material compatibility testing in CCS applications.Contributions to standardization efforts for material selection in CCUS, as well as standardized test methods for qualification and compatibility testing of materials and components used in CCUS.

Data on maximum allowable impurities in CO2 to ensure the compatibility of pipelines for CO2 transport, specific to the tested materials and components, will be reported and shared with industry and research institutions via industrial lighthouse initiatives.

Additionally, Force Technology, using its specialized CO2 testing equipment, will be able to offer high-quality testing services to the CCUS industry.